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HOW PESSIMISTS AND OPTIMISTS VIEW LIFE EVENTS |
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PESSIMISTS |
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OPTIMISTS |
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Negative Events |
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Positive Events |
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Negative Events |
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Positive Events |
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Permanence (Time) |
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Cause is Permanent |
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Cause is Temporary |
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Cause is Temporary |
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Cause is Permanent |
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Example |
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"I will never get that
promotion because of the politics around here." |
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"The only reason I got
that promotion was because of our mandated quotas." |
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"I didn't get that
promotion because I've only been here 6 mos." |
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"I received this
promotion because I continually pick up new skills!" |
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Pervasiveness (Space) |
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Cause is Universal |
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Cause is Specific |
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Cause is Specific |
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Cause is Universal |
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Example |
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"No one with my
background would ever get that promotion." |
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"I received the
promotion just because they are afraid I would sue." |
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"I didn't get the
promotion because Jim is the boss' son-in-law." |
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"I received this
promotion because Management is always looking for people who really care
about this company's goals." |
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Personalization (Self) |
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Cause is Internal |
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Cause is External |
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Cause is External |
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Cause is Internal |
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Example |
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"I didn't get this
promotion because everyone knows I'm just here for the $." |
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"I received this
promotion because my Dad is on the Board of Director's." |
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I didn't get the promotion
because his Dad is on the Board of Director's!" |
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"I received this
promotion because I'm the best sales strategist in the company." |
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based on Learned
Optimism by Martin EP Seligman |
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